TECHNICAL
INTRODUCTION
BOLDA® Column Shoes are fastening components used to create costeffective
stiff connections between precast concrete columns and
foundations or between precast columns and other columns. Precast
concrete columns show many competitive advantages, including speed
of construction, smallest tolerances, high fire resistance, and high quality.
Connections between precast columns are quick and easy to install, while
also being economical. Peikko Group aims to make the design process
quicker and easier. ETA’s based on common understanding within the test
procedures simplify designers’ work, because the same design rules and
methods, essentially a common design language, are valid and can be
used all over Europe, and they are also widely accepted outside of Europe.
The development of the column shoe connections started at Peikko
already in the early '80s. Since then, more than 50 large scale tests have
been carried out in accordance with the respective up-to-date guidelines.
Below, the development and improvement of Peikko column shoe
connections and the evaluation of various experimental and theoretical
investigations are presented in detail.
CE MARKING
In 2013, the Construction Products Regulation (CPR) replaced the
Construction Products Directive (CPD). The CPR is directly applicable in all
member states, whereas the CPD had to be implemented through national
legislation.
The European Technical Approvals (ETApp) issued until June 2013 remain
valid until the end of their validity period and in some cases also contain
supplementary regulations for design. These "old" ETApp will be replaced
by 2018 with a new type ETA, the European Technical Assessment (ETAss).
According to the Construction Products Regulation, the new European
Technical Assessments – in contrast to the European Technical Approvals
– no longer have a validity period. It should be noted that the European
Technical Assessments ETAs may no longer contain design provisions.
The new ETAss are issued based on European Assessment Documents
(EAD). Existing Guidelines for European Technical Approval (ETAG) can
be used as EAD on a transitional basis. The documents of a "Common
Understanding of Assessment Procedure" (CUAP) must be transferred to
an EAD if a European Technical Assessment is to be issued in future based
on these documents.
TKM
PKM
HPKM 1st Gen.
FIGURE 1: CHRONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PEIKKO COLUMN SHOE SYSTEMS
AUTHOR:
Thomas Sippel
Dr.-Ing.
Codes and Approvals Director
Peikko Group Corporation
PPKM
PEC®
HPKM® 2dn Gen.
BOLDA®
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
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