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ISRRT | Book Of Abstracts

51 with the stage of the disease. Data was analyzed using Pearson chi square test. Results: Of the 385 subjects, 272 were married and living with spouse.40 subjects had multiple sexual partners, 7 were cigarette smokers and 39 took alcohol. Conclusion: It was found that majority of patients were peasant farmers with high prevalence of poverty among them. Living with spouse, multiple sexual partners and alcohol intake increases the possibility of cervical cancer. 17.4. Sonographic Findings Among Patients with Knee Joints Disease Symptoms at Mengo Hospital Presenter: Gerald Mrema, Bariadi Hospital, Simiyu. Tanzania Authors: Gerald Mrema, Zeridah Muyinda, Emmanuel Okello Introduction: Knee joint impairments has been reported as the most common and disabling musculoskeletal medical conditions. The disorders impose an increasing burden in health care costs and lost life quality. According to World Health Organization (WHO) approximately 600 million people over 60 years old are affected by osteoarthritis. The figure will double by 2025. A significant proportion of this burden is in the developing countries and this is likely to increase rapidly with the increasing longevity of this population. The burden is slightly higher in females than males. According to the study done in Uganda at Mulago national referral hospital, of the 107 patients with knee complaints, ninety one patients had unilateral knee pathology while 18 had pathology in both knees.In evaluating and treating joint injuries, there is a need to establish a clear and precise working diagnosis Two competing non-invasive imaging techniques, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are taking over the role of arthrography.The benefits of sonography compared to MRI and other cross-sectional imaging modalities are that it is easily accessible, well accepted by patient, relatively cheap, and dynamic evaluation. The important roles of musculoskeletal ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of joint disorders include but are not limited to detection of joint effusion, guidance of joint aspiration or synovial biopsy, demonstration of muscle, ligament, or tendon tear, assessment of the degree of synovial hypertrophy. The study is expected to highlight the sonographic appearances among patients with knee joint symptoms, which is hoped can improve patient management. Methods: A descriptive cross – sectional study was done at Mengo hospital located in Kampala, Uganda for a period of six months from July to December 2012. 76 patients with knee joint disease symptoms were scanned. A structured questionnaire was used . Results: The study has demonstrated that ultrasound can easily demonstrate and assess the disease conditions of muscles, ligaments. tendons, recess and bursae, cortical bone, hyaline and fibro cartilage and popliteal vessels of most patients with knee complaints. Hence, ultrasound should be used as a primary investigative tool in soft tissue pathology of the knee joint. There is need to do more research of knee joint ultrasound to improve on the management of knee joint disease. 17.5. A New Model for Assessing Clinical Competence Presenter: Vivien Gibbs, University of the West of England, UK Authors: V Gibbs Introduction: Current financial pressures in higher education institutions (HEIs) are driving new ways of delivering education and assessment. New technological developments are facilitating opportunities to rethink traditional methods and explore more innovative, effective approaches. Discussion: Within ultrasound education, assessment of clinical competence has long been a contentious area. All programmes accredited by the Consortium for the Accreditation of Sonographic Education (CASE) in the UK require a robust and transparent process for monitoring and assessing students, with the aim being to produce students who are clinically competent. However, the method for establishing this is not prescribed and, as a result, different HEIs have adopted a variety of methods for establishing students’ competence. Many in the field consider that a university assessor should perform a final summative assessment in the student’s clinical workplace. This however is an expensive, resource intensive process, which is potentially unsustainable for the majority of institutions in the current economic climate. In addition, critics of the process claim that not only is it impossible to entirely exclude subjectivity from the process, but alsoit is difficult to ensure equity across all assessments when a variety of different assessors and patients are used in the assessments. A new framework is therefore proposed, which has recently been accredited by CASE, and has been piloted at a HEI in 2013. One of the components of this approach is the incorporation of an ultrasound simulator, which will help to standardise assessments and ensure students are assessed over a range of pathologies, rather than only those randomly presenting on the day of assessment. Conclusion: This presentation discusses details of a newly accredited assessment framework which has been piloted at a UK HEI. The role of an ultrasound simulator within this process is discussed. 17.6. The role of simulation for the acquisition of clinical skillswithin postgraduate ultrasound education Presenter: Viven Gibbs, University of the West of England, UK Author: V Gibbs Introduction: Simulation is recognised as an innovative pedagogic approach that is gaining popularity in many areas of education. Its capacity to offer learners exposure to real-life scenarios in a safe environment, enables learners to practice skills whilst receiving feedback from a facilitator. Experiential learning, where students are actively engaged in the learning process, is generally recognised as offering the most effective learning environment. However, busy clinical ultrasound departments often struggle to allow students sufficient supervised clinical practice time. Patients are often reluctant to tolerate inexperienced operatorsand the associated extended examination times, particularly where this may involve uncomfortable or invasive procedures. Ultrasound simulation equipment has evolved over recent years due to technological developments, and now offers the student a realistic clinical learning experience. Research into the effectiveness of simulation in achieving clinical learning objectives and competence is, however, currently limited. Methodology: In order to explore students’ experiences of interacting with an ultrasound simulator, an investigation was undertaken at a HEI in 2013. A qualitative design was used for this study, employing semistructured interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Several themes emerged relating to positive/ negative aspects of working with the simulator, and the transference of this experience into the clinical environment. Conclusion: The theory-practice gap is a recurring narrative in healthcare literature, and the findings from this study demonstrate the opportunities that ultrasound simulators can offer in the education environment. 17.7. Musculoskeletal impact of electronic device usage by university students in Hong Kong: An evaluation by means of ultrasound examination and self-reported questionnaire Presenter: Eugenia H.C. Woo, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Authors: Woo E.H.C, White P & Lai W.K. Introduction: Following current trends towards the promotion of electronic learning (e-learning) and mobile learning (m-learning) in schools, the extensive use of computers and mobile devices, in particular portable electronic devices, hold a special fascination among young people nowadays. In addition, young people may also be attracted to handheld game consoles as these devices can be played anywhere and the games are often designed specifically for their specific age groups. As children and adolescents are at the age of physical and behavioural development, this rapid growth in the use of electronic devices by students both at home and in school has raised concerns among parents, educators and health care professionals with respect to the possible adverse physical effects associated with the excessive use of these devices. This study aims to explore the impact of cumulative exposure to various types of electronic devices on the physical health of university students. The key issue addressed is that prolonged use of various electronic devices is associated with increased prevalence of upper limb disorders like carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). It is important to gain a deeper understanding of contributing risk factors: awkward posture, repetitive motion and forceful exertion, so as to prevent early manifestation of CTS. These problems must be fixed at the most critical stages of development as it is very likely they may extend into adult life. This study, therefore, will be the first attempt to examine this issue in great depth and strive to develop novel solutions for such problems. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used: questionnaire survey, physical examination (Phalen’s and Durkan’s tests) and


ISRRT | Book Of Abstracts
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